Small Business Server 2008 has Outlook Anywhere capability built-in, without the need for a separate front-end / back-end Exchange deployment.
The client PC will need Outlook 2003 or later, and will also need to have had the root certificate of the SBS2008 Certificate Authority installed.
Create a new Outlook profile (if required):

Tick the option to Manually configure server settings and click Next.

Select the option to Connect to a Microsoft Exchange server and click Next

Enter the INTERNAL name of the Exchange server, select the option to Use Cached Exchange Mode. Enter your username then click on the More Settings button.

Click on the Connection tab. Tick the option to Connect to Microsoft Exchange using HTTP.
Click on the Exchange Proxy Settings button:

In the first field enter the external address of the Exchange server (the same address used for Outlook Web Access).
In the second field enter the same address prefixed by 'msstd:' (as shown above)
Click OK. If you receive an error about the Exchange Server being offline, just click OK.
Click OK again, then Next and then Finish.
Launch Outlook, you will be prompted to enter your NT Domain login details:

Once logged in, a copy of your Exchange mailbox will be downloaded to the local machine. The length of time this takes will depend on the size of your mailbox and the speed of your Internet connection. Once complete, you will be able to send, receive, and organise mail as if you were connected to the server via the LAN: